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| Foreign Affairs Revolution Act Be it enacted by His Imperial Majesty with the advice and consent of His Imperial Parliament. Whereas expansion of Foreign Affairs is a vital part of Alexandria's growth and whereas the exchange of ambassadors is an important part of the process. Chapter 1: Citation and Revocation of all other Foreign Affairs Acts Section 1: This act shall hereby be referred to as the Foreign Affairs Revolution Act of 2006. Section 2: This act shall replace the Foreign Affairs Act of 2005. Section 3: The Empire of the Alexandrians desiring to restructure and consolidate its handling of foreign affairs, wishes to revoke all previous laws concerning the matter. Chapter 2: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs Section 5: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall deal with foreign dignitaries and nations; the Emperor shall appoint the Minister of Foreign Affairs with the advice of the Prime Minister and confirmation of the Imperial Parliament as specified in the Constitution. The Minister of Foreign Affairs should be an Alexandrian citizen in good standing within the Alexandrian Empire and the micronational community in general. Section 6: The Minister of Foreign Affairs (hereafter referred to as ‘the Minister’) shall appoint a Deputy Minister, which will act as Minister of Foreign Affairs whenever the Minister is not present or is on a Leave of Absence. Chapter 3: Appointments Section 7: The Empire of the Alexandrians through His Majesty’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall reaffirm our presence in the intermicronational world by a more active participation on it, for this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall recruit as many personnel as necessary to be appointed as Diplomats. Section 8. Depending on their assignment, these Diplomats may and will have ranks as follows: 2b) Plenipotentiary Ambassador, 2c) Ambassador, 2d) Minister Counselor, 2e) Plenipotentiary Envoy, 2f) Envoy, 2g) Consul General, 2h) Attaché. Section 9. Appointments are to be made by His Majesty Himself, with the exemption of the Envoy and Attaché, which can be solely designated by the Minister for a determined period of time to accomplish a specific task and then return to the Empire. Chapter 4: Diplomats, Protocol Section 10. Upon appointment by the Emperor, or the Minister, in the case of an envoy or an attaché; the Diplomat shall present his/her credentials to the Head of State of the host Micronation, and/or the Minister/Secretary of Foreign Relations/Affairs of such State, depending on the Diplomat’s rank. Section 11. Diplomats deployed will have such responsibilities as protect our Empire interests and the interests of Alexandrian individuals over other micronations, and must have in their Diplomatic Representation an Immigration office to recruit citizens. Chapter 5: Eligibility Section 12: The Minister shall, in consultation with the Prime Minister, nominate any citizen of Alexandria to be diplomat to any qualified micronation. Section 13: The Cabinet and/or law shall define a qualified micronation as any micronation fitting the appropriate and acceptable standards as determined. Law always takes priority over Cabinet policy. Section 14: Once placed, a diplomat may only be recalled or dismissed by resignation or as outlined by law. Section 15: A citizen may be a diplomat agent to more than one micronation, but cannot be representative to more than three. Section 16: The Prime Minister may perform any of the functions in this Act that are designated to the Minister. Chapter 6: Recognition Section 17: The Empire of the Alexandrians may officially recognize a foreign nation provided that it has been around for three (3) months and active. The Emperor, on advice of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, may make exceptions to this rule. Section 18: The Cabinet determines by a majority vote whether the Empire of the Alexandrians shall officially recognize a nation. This must be followed by a Declaration of Recognition to be published in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Chapter 7: Confirmation of Ambassadors Section 19: The Imperial Parliament shall consider all nominations for ambassadors just like any other piece of business, in accordance with the Standing Orders. Section 20: If a nomination successfully passes, it is forwarded to the Emperor for Assent. Section 21: Should the Emperor strike down the nomination; the nomination fails with no ability to overturn the rejection by the Imperial Parliament. Section 22: Should the nomination fail, the Minister may nominate the same person again, either for the same ambassadorship or another ambassadorship. Chapter 8: Ambassadorial Code of Conduct. Chapter 23: Alexandrian Ambassadors and Diplomatic Envoys should always observe a common code of conduct to ensure that the Empire of the Alexandrians is properly represented. Chapter 24: Alexandrian Ambassadors and Diplomatic Envoys must always present proper accreditation documents to the nation they are envoys to. Chapter 25: The Minister drafts this code of conduct and must publish it in the forums of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Changes to the code must be notified to all diplomatic employees immediately. Chapter 26: Failure to adhere to the Code of Conduct may result in a fine of 50 écus and/or dismissal from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Chapter 9: Treaties Section 27: Treaties involving any change to Alexandria’s national sovereignty must be presented to the people of Alexandria in a national referendum only after the Imperial Parliament has passed it and the Emperor, Prime Minister and the entire Cabinet has agreed to the treaty by a signature. Chapter 10: Dismissal of Diplomats Section 28: The Emperor may dismiss a diplomat at any time and for any reason. Section 29: The Minister may dismiss a diplomat at any time, after consulting with the Prime Minister. Section 30: The Imperial Parliament may dismiss a diplomat at any time by a 2/3rds vote. When there is a motion to dismiss, the Minister must appear to make a statement expressing the Minister's thoughts on the proposed dismissal. This dismissal does not require Imperial Assent. Section 31: Dismissed diplomats may be renominated for the same or any other ambassador position. Chapter 11: Recall of Diplomats Section 32: The Emperor may recall a diplomat at any time and for any reason. Section 33: The Minister may recall a diplomat at any time, after consulting with the Prime Minister. Section 34: The Imperial Parliament may recall a diplomat at any time by a 2/3rds vote. When there is a motion to recall, the Minister must appear to make a statement expressing the Minister's thoughts on the proposed recall. This recall does not require Imperial Assent. Section 35: Recalled diplomats may be renominated for the same or any other ambassador position Chapter 12: Foreign Policy Section 36: The Alexandrian Foreign Policy shall be drawn up by the Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and the Emperor the final draft of the Foreign Policy shall be put up for ratification in the Imperial Parliament. Section 37: The Foreign Policy may be amended with the advice of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Chapter 13: Imperial Assent. Section 38: This act shall not become law without the Emperor’s Imperial Assent. |
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| National Defense Act of 2005 Article I: 1.) This act shall be referred to as “The National Defense Act of 2005”. 2.) This act hereby repeals and replaces the “National Security Act of 2005.” Article II: Establishment of the Armed Forces of the Empire 1.) It is the intent of this Imperial Parliament to provide an armed force capable of: a. Preserving the peace and security, and providing for the defense, of the Empire and all its possessions and occupied areas; b. Supporting the national policies; c. Implementing the national objectives and ambitions; d. Overcoming any nations responsible for acts of aggression that imperil the peace and security of Alexandria. 2.) We hereby create the Grand Imperial Armed Forces to serve this intent. 3.) The Grand Imperial Armed Forces shall be composed of the following: a. The Grand Army of the Empire and its reserves and facilities; b. The Grand Navy of the Empire and its reserves and facilities; d. The Gendarmerie and its reserves and facilities. 4.) The Minister of Defense shall, from time to time, present to Parliament an overview of the status of the armed forces with suggestions to consider for keeping the armed forces at their full readiness. 5.) The Grand Marshalate of the Imperial Armed Forces is hereby created. The Emperor shall appoint the chiefs of staff for the corresponding branches of the Armed Forces and name a Marshal-General to serve at the Emperor's pleasure or until the person resigns. Article III: Establishment of the National Intelligence Agency 1.) It is the intent of this Parliament to establish an institution devoted to the gathering of intelligence on threats to the peace, security and defense of the Empire. 2.) To serve this purpose, we hereby create the National Intelligence Agency, or the NIA. 3.) The National Intelligence Agency shall be headed by a director to be named by the Prime Minister on the suggestion of the Minister of the Interior. The Director of the NIA shall serve as such until the Prime Minister so decides or until he decides to resign. The Director of the NIA shall also serve as the Prime Minister’s and Emperor’s advisor on intelligence matters. The Minister of the Interior may occupy the post of Director of the NIA until the Prime Minister appoints a Director. 4.) The National Intelligence Agency shall never undertake activities to prepare war or to otherwise disturb the peaceful relations between nations. Article IV: Establishment of the Imperial Institute of Technology 1.) It is the intent of this Parliament to establish an institution devoted to the research and development of technologies that can be used not only to defend the Empire of the Alexandrians, but to contribute to the advance of technology in our nation. 2.) To serve this purpose, we hereby create the Imperial Institute of Technology, or the IIT. 3.) The IIT shall be headed by a Board of Directors. There shall be no more than five (5) directors serving in such board. The Emperor shall select a Chairman of the Board from among the Board members. Article IV: Military commitments, foreign troops, state monopoly on objects 1.) The Empire of the Alexandrians shall not enter into any agreement, treaty or concordat that will make it enter into a military commitment without the consent of the Imperial Parliament. 2.) Foreign troops may not enter Alexandrian soil without the consent of the Imperial Parliament. 3.) No one but the State may own heavy weapons or ultra-hazardous material |
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| General Civil Code for the Empire of the Alexandrians Article 1: Name 1. This Act may be cited as the "General Civil Code for the Empire of the Alexandrians" or shortly as the "General Civil Code". Article 2 : Law of Persons Chapter 1 - Enjoyment and Exercise of Civil Rights 1. Every human being possesses juridical personality and has the full enjoyment of civil rights. 2. Every person is the holder of personality rights, such as the right to life, the right to the inviolability and integrity of his person, and the right to the respect of his name, reputation and privacy; provided that these rights are inalienable. 3. Every person is fully able to exercise his civil rights; provided that in certain cases the law provides for representation or assistance. 4. Every person exercises his civil rights under the name chosen by him. 5. Every person is bound to exercise his civil rights in good faith; provided that no right may be exercised with the intent of injuring another or in an excessive and unreasonable manner which is contrary to the requirements of good faith. 6. No person may renounce the exercise of his civil rights, except to the extent consistent with public order. Chapter 2 - Name 1. Every person has a name chosen by him. 2. A person may not change his name, save with consent of the Ministry of Interior and/or His Imperial Majesty, the Emperor. 3. Every person has a right to the respect of his name. 4. A person who uses a name other than his own is liable for any resulting confusion or damage. Chapter 3 - Domicile 1. The domicile of a person, for the exercise of his civil rights, is at the province in which he is registered as resident. 2. A person who has no residence is deemed to be domiciled at the place of effective exercise of his civil rights. Chapter 4 - Absence and Death 1. An absentee is a person who, while he had his domicile in the Empire, ceased to appear there without advising anyone, and of whom it is unknown whether he is still alive. 2. An absentee is presumed to be alive for seven weeks following his disappearance, unless proof of his death is made before then. 3. A declaratory judgment of death may be pronounced by the High Court on the application of any interested person upon expiration of the delay prescribed by the precedent section. 4. A declaratory judgment of death produces the same effects as death: the human being indicated therein shall cease to exist as a person. Chapter 5 - Respect of Reputation and Privacy 1. Every person has a right to the respect of his reputation and privacy; provided that no one may invade the privacy of a person without the consent of the person unless authorized by law or though a court order, based on reasonable cause, allowing a search or a seizure of property 2. Every person who establishes a file on another person shall have a serious and legitimate reason for doing so. He may gather only information which is relevant to the stated objective of the file, and may not, without the consent of the person concerned or authorization by law, communicate such information to third persons or use it for purposes that are inconsistent with the purposes for which the file was established. In addition, he may not, when establishing or using the file, otherwise invade the privacy or damage the reputation of the person concerned. 3. Except as otherwise provided by law, any person may, free of charge, examine and cause the rectification of a file kept on him by another person with a view to making a decision in his regard or to informing a third person; he may also cause a copy of it to be made at reasonable cost. The information contained in the file shall be made accessible in an intelligible transcript. 4. A person keeping a file on a person may not deny him access to the information contained therein unless he has a serious and legitimate reason for doing so or unless the information is of a nature that may seriously prejudice a third person. 5. Every person may cause information which is contained in a file concerning him and which is inaccurate, incomplete or equivocal to be rectified; he may also cause obsolete information or information not justified by the purpose of the file to be deleted, or deposit his written comments in the file; provided that notice of the rectification is given without delay to every person having received the information in the preceding six months and, where applicable, to the person who provided that information. The same rule applies to an application for rectification, if it is contested. Chapter 6 - Legal Persons 1. Legal persons are endowed with juridical personality. 2. Legal persons are established in the public interest or for a private interest. 3. Legal persons are constituted in accordance with the juridical forms provided by an Act, or directly by an Act. 4. Legal persons have full enjoyment of civil rights. 5. The domicile of a legal person is at the place and address of its head office. 6. Legal persons are distinct from their members. Their acts bind none but themselves, except as provided by law. 7. A legal person may change its name or its domicile by following the procedure established by this Act. 8. The functioning and activities of a legal person shall be regulated by its constituting act. 9. Legal persons act through their organs established by their constituting acts. 10. A legal person is represented by a natural person appointed in accordance with its constituting act. 11. In case of fraud with regard to the legal person, the court may, on the application of an interested person, hold the founders or members of the legal person who have participated in the alleged act or derived personal profit therefrom liable, to the extent it indicates, for any damage suffered by the legal person. 12. In no case may a legal person set up juridical personality against a person in good faith if it is set up to dissemble fraud, abuse of right or contravention of a rule of public order. 13. The court, in deciding an action by a third person in good faith, may rule that a person or group not having status as a legal person has the same obligations as a legal person if the person or group acted as such in respect of the third person. 14. Legal person may ratify an act performed for it before it was constituted; it is then substituted for the person who acted for it. 15. A person who acts for a legal person before it is constituted is bound by the obligations so contracted, unless the contract stipulates otherwise and includes a statement to the effect that the legal person might not be constituted or might not assume the obligations subscribed in the contract. 16. The following entities shall be legal persons : i. incorporated societies (corporations); ii. political parties; iii. other institutions or bodies of person in cases prescribed by an special Act. 17. A society shall be incorporated by order of the High Court upon application of persons who are parties of a contract of society, if the High Court is satisfied : i. that there is an agreement of all the persons who are parties of the contract of society that the society be incorporated; ii. that there is a constituting act of a corporation, approved by the majority of all the persons who are parties of the contract of society. 18. A legal person is dissolved by the annulment of its constituting act or for any other cause provided for by the constituting act or by an Act; provided that i. It is also dissolved where the court confirms the fulfillment of the condition attached to the constituting act, the accomplishment of the object for which the legal person was constituted, or the impossibility of accomplishing that object, or the existence of some other legitimate cause; ii. A legal person may also be dissolved by consent of not less than two-thirds of the votes given at a general meeting convened expressly for that purpose. 19. The Empire, when it is party of a contract under this Act, shall be regarded as a legal person and shall be represented by an executive officer appointed for that purpose by the Cabinet. Article 3 : Law of Obligations Chapter 1 - General Provisions 1. It is of the essence of an obligation that there be persons between whom it exists, a prestation which forms its object, and, in the case of an obligation arising out of a juridical act, a cause which justifies its existence. 2. An obligation arises from a contract or from any act or fact to which the effects of an obligation are attached by law. 3. The object of an obligation is the prestation that the debtor is bound to render to the creditor and which consists in doing or not doing something; provided that the debtor is bound to render a prestation that is possible and determinate or determinable and that is neither forbidden by an Act nor contrary to public order. Chapter 2 - Contracts 1. Formation and Validity of Contracts i. A contract is an agreement of wills by one or several persons to create, transfer, modify or extinguish rights and obligations. ii. A contract is formed by the sole exchange of consents between persons having capacity to contract, unless, in addition, the law requires a particular form to be respected as a necessary condition of its formation, or unless the parties require the contract to take the form of a solemn agreement; provided that it is also of the essence of a contract that it have a cause and an object. iii. The exchange of consents is accomplished by the express or tacit manifestation of the will of a person to accept an offer to contract made to him by another person. iv. A contract is formed when and where acceptance is received by the offeror, regardless of the method of communication used, and even though the parties have agreed to reserve agreement as to secondary terms. v. An offer to contract is a proposal which contains all the essential elements of the proposed contract and in which the offeror signifies his willingness to be bound if it is accepted. vi. An offer to contract derives from the person who initiates the contract or the person who determines its content or even, in certain cases, the person who presents the last essential element of the proposed contract. vii. An offer to contract may be made to a determinate or an indeterminate person, and a term for acceptance may or may not be attached to it. Where a term is attached, the offer may not be revoked before the term expires; if none is attached, the offer may be revoked at any time before acceptance is received by the offeror. viii. Where the offeree receives a revocation before the offer, the offer lapses, even though a term is attached to it. ix. An offer lapses if no acceptance is received by the offeror before the expiry of the specified term or, where no term is specified, before the expiry of a reasonable time; it also lapses in respect of the offeree if he has rejected it. x. Acceptance which does not correspond substantially to the offer or which is received by the offeror after the offer has lapsed does not constitute acceptance. It may, however, constitute a new offer. xi. Silence does not imply acceptance of an offer. xii. Consent may be given only by a person who, at the time of manifesting such consent, either expressly or tacitly, is capable of binding himself. xiii. Consent may be given only in a free and enlightened manner; consent will be null if it was induced by error or fear. xiv. Error vitiates consent of the parties or of one of them where it relates to the nature of the contract, the object of the prestation or anything that was essential in determining that consent. xv. Error on the part of one party induced by fraud committed by the other party or with his knowledge vitiates consent whenever, but for that error, the party would not have contracted, or would have contracted on different terms. xvi. Fear of serious injury to the person or property of one of the parties vitiates consent given by that party where the fear is induced by violence or threats exerted or made by or known to the other party; provided that apprehended injury may also relate to another person or his property and is appraised according to the circumstances. xvii. Fear induced by the abusive exercise of a right or power or by the threat of such exercise vitiates consent. xviii. Consent to a contract the object of which is to deliver the person making it from fear of serious injury is not vitiated where the other contracting party, although aware of the state of necessity, is acting in good faith. xix. Every person which enjoys and exercices civil rights has capacity to contract. xx. The cause of a contract is the reason that determines each of the parties to enter into the contract; provided that the cause need not be expressed. xxi. A contract whose cause is prohibited by an Act or contrary to public order is null. xxii. The object of a contract is the juridical operation envisaged by the parties at the time of its formation, as it emerges from all the rights and obligations created by the contract. xxiii. A contract whose object is prohibited by an Act or contrary to public order is null. xxiv. A contract may be concluded before a court by a mutual solemn declaration of those who have capacity to contract which must contain a clear expression of their congruent wills; provided that : a. In such case the contract shall be concluded by registration of the declarations under the precedent paragraph by the court; and b. The validity of a contract concluded before a court shall not be contested. xxv. Any contract which does not meet the necessary conditions of its formation may be annulled. xxvi. A contract is absolutely null where the condition of formation sanctioned by its nullity is necessary for the protection of the general interest. xxvii. The absolute nullity of a contract may be invoked by any person having a present and actual interest in doing so; it is invoked by the court of its own motion; provided that a contract that is absolutely null may not be confirmed. xxviii. A contract is relatively null where the condition of formation sanctioned by its nullity is necessary for the protection of an individual interest, such as where the consent of the parties or of one of them is vitiated. xxix. The relative nullity of a contract may be invoked only by the person in whose interest it is established or by the other contracting party, provided he is acting in good faith and sustains serious injury therefrom; it may not be invoked by the court of its own motion; provided that a contract that is relatively null may be confirmed. xxx. Unless the nature of the nullity is clearly indicated in this Act, a contract which does not meet the necessary conditions of its formation is presumed to be relatively null. xxxi. A contract that is null is deemed never to have existed; provided that in such a case, each party is bound to restore to the other the prestations he has received. xxxii. The confirmation of a contract results from the express or tacit will to renounce the invocation of its nullity; provided that it results only if the will to confirm is certain and evident. xxxiii. Where the nullity of a contract may be invoked by each of the parties or by several of them against a common opposite party to the contract, confirmation by one of them does not prevent the others from invoking nullity. 2. Interpretation of Contracts i. The common intention of the parties rather than adherence to the literal meaning of the words shall be sought in interpreting a contract. ii. In interpreting a contract, the nature of the contract, the circumstances in which it was formed, the interpretation which has already been given to it by the parties or which it may have received, and usage, are all taken into account. iii. Each clause of a contract is interpreted in light of the others so that each is given the meaning derived from the contract as a whole. iv. A clause is given a meaning that gives it some effect rather than one that gives it no effect. v. Words susceptible of two meanings shall be given the meaning that best conforms to the subject matter of the contract. vi. A clause intended to eliminate doubt as to the application of the contract to a specific situation does not restrict the scope of a contract otherwise expressed in general terms. vii. The clauses of a contract cover only what it appears that the parties intended to include, however general the terms used. viii. In case of doubt, a contract is interpreted in favor of the person who contracted the obligation and against the person who stipulated it. In all cases, it is interpreted in favor of the adhering party. 3. Effects of Contracts i. A contract creates obligations and, in certain cases, modifies or extinguishes them. ii. A contract validly formed binds the parties who have entered into it not only as to what they have expressed in it but also as to what is incident to it according to its nature and in conformity with usage, equity or law. iii. A clause which is null does not render the contract invalid in other respects, unless it is apparent that the contract may be considered only as an indivisible whole; provided that the same applies to a clause without effect or deemed unwritten. iv. A contract may not be resolved, modified or revoked except on grounds recognized by an Act or by agreement of the parties. v. A contract has effect only between the contracting parties; it does not affect third persons, except where provided by an Act. 4. Contract of Society i. A contract of society is a contract by which the parties, in a spirit of cooperation, agree to carry on an activity, including the operation of an enterprise, to contribute thereto by combining property, knowledge or activities and to share any resulting profits; provided that this section shall not be interpreted as to prevent persons from concluding any other contract not denominated by this Act. Chapter 3 - Civil Liability 1. Every person has a duty to abide by the rules of conduct which lie upon him, according to the circumstances, usage or law, so as not to cause injury to another. 2. Where he is endowed with reason and fails in this duty, he is responsible for any injury he causes to another person and is liable to reparation for the injury. 3. Every person has a duty to honor his contractual undertakings. 4. A person may free himself from his liability for injury caused to another by proving that the injury results from superior force, unless he has undertaken to make reparation for it; provided that a superior force is an unforeseeable and irresistible event, including external causes with the same characteristics. 5. Where a person comes to the assistance of another person or, for an unselfish motive, disposes, free of charge, of property for the benefit of another person, he is exempt from all liability for injury that may result from it, unless the injury is due to his intentional or gross fault. 6. A person who receives a payment made in error, or merely to avoid injury to the person making it while protesting that he owes nothing, is obliged to restore it; provided that he is not obliged to restore it, however, where, in consequence of the payment, the claim of the person who received the undue payment in good faith is prescribed or the person has destroyed his title or relinquished a security, saving the remedy of the person having made the payment against the true debtor. 7. A person who is enriched at the expense of another shall, to the extent of his enrichment, indemnify the other for his correlative impoverishment, if there is no justification for the enrichment or the impoverishment. 8. Enrichment or impoverishment is justified where it results from the performance of an obligation, from the failure of the person impoverished to exercise a right of which he may avail himself or could have availed himself against the person enriched, or from an act performed by the person impoverished for his personal and exclusive interest or at his own risk and peril, or with a constant liberal intention. Chapter 4 - Performance of Obligations 1. Payment means not only the turning over of a sum of money in satisfaction of an obligation, but also the actual performance of whatever forms the object of the obligation. 2. Every payment presupposes an obligation; what has been paid where there is no obligation may be recovered; provided that recovery is not admitted, however, in the case of natural obligations that have been voluntarily paid. 3. Payment may be made by any person, even if he is a third person with respect to the obligation; the creditor may be put in default by the offer of a third person to perform the obligation in the name of the debtor, provided the offer is made for the benefit of the debtor and not merely to change creditors; provided that a creditor may not be compelled to take payment from a third person, however, if he has an interest in having the obligation performed by the debtor personally. 4. Payment shall be made to the creditor or to the person authorized to receive it for him; provided that payment made to a third person is valid if the creditor ratifies it; if it is not ratified, the payment is valid only to the extent that it benefits the creditor. Article 4 : Private International Law 1. The form, status and capacity of a natural person and a juridical act is governed by the law of the place where it is made 2. The contract shall be governed by this Act if : i. at least one of persons who is party of that contract is citizen of the Empire; or ii. the parties of that contract have, by a clause of the contract or by a separate agreement, agreed thereto. Article 5 : Force of Law 1. This Act shall come into force on a day on which it receives Imperial Assent. |